Introduction: The skin is the body’s largest organ and a primary site for various tumors and masses. Plastic surgeons specialize in the surgical treatment of both benign and malignant skin tumors, optimizing both aesthetic and functional outcomes. This article will provide information on the definition of these tumors, treatment methods, and pre- and post-operative processes.

Benign Skin Tumors:

Definition: Benign skin tumors are tumors that are generally non-cancerous and do not metastasize. Commonly seen benign tumors include:

Nevus (Moles): Skin lesions formed by the aggregation of melanocytes. Most are harmless, but some carry a risk of becoming cancerous.
Lipomas: Soft masses originating from fatty tissue.
Sebaceous Cysts: Cystic structures formed as a result of the blockage of sebaceous glands.
Dermatofibromas: Hard, usually brown lesions originating from the connective tissue of the skin.
Treatment:

Surgical Excision: Complete removal of the tumor is the most common treatment method. It can be performed under local anesthesia and is usually a simple procedure.
Cryotherapy: This treatment method, using freezing, can be used for small and superficial tumors.

Malignant Skin Tumors:

Definition: Malignant skin tumors, also known as skin cancer, are caused by the uncontrolled growth of skin cells. Common types include:

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common type of skin cancer. It grows slowly and rarely metastasizes.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): The second most common type of skin cancer. It can be more aggressive on the skin surface and has the potential to metastasize.
Melanoma: The most dangerous type of skin cancer. It originates from melanocytes and can metastasize rapidly.

Treatment:

Surgical Excision: Removal of the tumor along with a large amount of surrounding healthy tissue. Margin control is important.
Mohs Microsurgery: Removal of cancerous tissue layer by layer and immediate examination under a microscope. It provides high treatment success and minimal tissue loss.
Lymph Node Dissection: If necessary, removal of lymph nodes where cancer has spread.
Adjuvant Treatments: Radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, especially in cases of advanced melanoma or metastatic SCC.

Preoperative Preparation:

Assessment: The type, location, and size of the lesion are assessed. A definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy. The patient’s general health and medical history are considered.
Planning: The surgical plan is customized to the patient’s individual needs and aesthetic expectations. The patient is informed about the surgical procedure, risks, and recovery process.

Postoperative Care:

Early Period: Postoperative wound care, antibiotic treatment to reduce the risk of infection, and pain management are provided. Regular cleaning and dressing of the wound are important.
Long Period: Patients are monitored with regular dermatological check-ups for skin cancer risk. Preventive measures, especially sun protection, are emphasized to patients. Scar care and reconstructive surgical procedures are planned if necessary.
Conclusion: Plastic surgeons aim to maximize aesthetic and functional outcomes in the treatment of both benign and malignant skin tumors. Careful selection and application of surgical treatment methods improve patients’ quality of life while minimizing the risk of cancer recurrence.